JAYASREE EDUCATION RESEARCH
Monday, August 26, 2019
Sunday, August 25, 2019
Concept
of Variables
Meaning
In programming,
a variable is a value that can change, depending on conditions or on
information passed to the program. Typically, a program consists of instruction
s that tell the computer what to do and data that the program uses when it is
running. The data consists of constants or fixed values that never change and
variable values (which are usually initialized to "0" or some default
value because the actual values will be supplied by a program's user). Usually,
both constants and variables are defined as certain data type s. Each data type
prescribes and limits the form of the data. Examples of data types include: an
integer expressed as a decimal number, or a string of text characters, usually
limited in length(“Definition of Variable,” n.d.)
.
Concept
of Variable
You
can define as everything that is going to measure, control and study in a
research or study. The ability to measure, control or study a variable is given
by the fact that it varies, and this variation can observe, measure, and study.
It is therefore important, before initiating an investigation, that you know
what are the variables that you want to measure and the way in which it will
be. I.e., the variables must be measurable. Thus a variable v is everything
that can assume different values, since the quantitative or qualitative point of
view. There are three types of variables, dependent, independent, and
intervening variable.
Fig1.concept of variable
The dependent
variable.:
It is the object or event of study, on which research is focused in general.
For example: pollutants from the Valencia Lake.
It can also be defined as the changes suffered by
individuals as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable by the
experimenter. In this case the name says so explicitly, it will depend on what
makes it vary. For example: as influences classical music in the growth of the tomatoes.
In this case the dependent variable would be "growth of tomatoes" as
a result of the manipulation of the independent variable "classical
music". So you must take note that always the dependent variable should
appear as it is in the title of a work is the object of study.
The
independent variable.
It is the property of a
phenomenon that are going to evaluate his ability to affect, influence or
affect other variables. Best mode on the fact that explains its name of does
not depend on 'something' to 'be there' as it is the case of the sex of a
subject, or music in the previous example. There are, however, independent
variables in some studies that in some measure depend on 'something', as the
economic entrance of a school may depend on the Ministry of education, but the
object of study is not impacting on the independent variable. Thus a study independent
variable is believed that it is influencing the dependent variable, Correctional
study focuses precisely on that relationship.
Some independent
variables such as sex, socioeconomic level are variables that the researcher
cannot be changed, are not manipulated. However, you want to know whether it
influences the dependent variable. This is called independent variable assigned
or selected, while the independent variable by manipulation is that the
researcher applies in its sole discretion, is in experimental studies.
Everything that the researcher manipulates, since it believes that there is a
relationship between this and the dependent variable.
Intervening
variable and variable intra.
The variable inter are
those who study simultaneously several groups of subjects. The comparisons are
established between (inter) groups. The
variable intra are those that can study the same group at different times. That
is, comparisons are set within a same group(“Definition
of Variable,” n.d.).
Foreign
variables
They are all those
variables that the researcher does not control directly, but that they can
influence the outcome of their investigation. They should be controlled, as
much as possible, to ensure that the results are due to management that the
researcher made of the independent variable, not to strange, uncontrolled
variables. This can be done more easily under an experimental, as within a
controlled environment, laboratory research. In a quasi-experimental research
with subjects such as people, becomes a little more difficult. Some methods to
carry out this control are as follows:
Elimination
When you know that
there is a strange variable that may alter the results of the research, it can
be controlled by removing.
Constancy
of conditions
If, for example, in a
pilot study you want to study two or more groups of subjects or samples, they
should have exactly the same conditions, physical and as of place, maintaining,
in this way, constant circumstances under which is investigated.
Balance
When you know that a
variable strange can permanently influencing the study and not be deleted, or
match the conditions of samples or groups, are used to rolling. This mechanism
distributed in an equitable manner the presence of the variable odd between the
groups.
counterbalance
Some research calls to
subjects or sample to respond several times to a same stimulus or to several
different stimuli. This series of responses can result in the same two
reactions: on the one hand, fatigue, because subjects are tired of be
responding; on the other hand, learning, since after 2 or 3 times the same
stimulus the subject already knows how to respond. To avoid these problems, the
groups can be subdivided into sub-groups so that the effects of fatigue and/or
learning are cancelled.
What
are Variables?
At this point, it is
necessary to define what is a variable.
A variable is a property that can vary and whose variation is likely to be
measured or observed. Example of variables: sex, intrinsic work motivation,
physical attractiveness, learning concepts, historical knowledge on the
integration efforts of Simón Bolívar,
religion, resistance of a natural, verbal aggression, the authoritarian
personality, the tax culture and exposure to a political propaganda campaign.
The variable applies to a group of people or objects, which take on different
values or statements with respect to the variable. For example, intelligence:
it is possible to classify people according to their intelligence, vary it. Other
variables are the productivity of a particular type of seed, the speed with
which offered service, the efficiency of a construction procedure, the
effectiveness of a vaccine, the time that it takes to manifest itself a
disease, etc (there is variation in all cases)(“What
is a variable? Definition and meaning—BusinessDictionary.com,” n.d.).
Conceptual
definition: Basically, the conceptual definition
of the variables is an abstraction articulated in words to facilitate their
understanding and their suitability to the practical requirements of the
research.
Operational
definition: An operational definition consists of
a set of instructions or procedures for the measurement of a variable defined
conceptually. The operational definition should be considered that what is
attempted is the additional information of the selected variable, so that it
captures its sense and fits the context, and for this purpose should be a
careful review of the available literature on the subject of research. The
operationalization of variables is closely linked to the type of technique or
methodology employed for data collection. These should be consistent with the
objectives of the research, and to respond to the approach, to the type of
research that is carried out. These techniques, in General, may be qualitative
or quantitative.
Variables,
dimensions
and indicators: When faced with complex variables, where the passage of
the conceptual definition to its implementation requires intermediate
instances, then can be a distinction between variables, dimensions and
indicators. To sum, it can be said that the passage of the dimension to the indicator
makes a journey from the general to the particular, from the plane of the
theoretical to the plane of the empirically verifiable The dimensions would be sub
variables or variable with a level closer to the indicator. In the case of
defining a variable productivity, we have different sub-dimensions which are
part of the variable, such as: labor, machinery, material or energy. Each of
these sub variables are the dimensions of the variable productivity In turn,
these dimensions, to be able to be empirically contrasted by the researcher,
require operationalization in indicators, which are nothing other than
parameters contributing to situation in which is located the problem to study.
In a narrow sense, the indicators are data. For variable productivity, for
example, in the labor dimension, indicators could be number of products
packaged by one worker in eight hours of work.
Operationalization
of Variables
Variable:
Any feature of reality that can be determined by observation and that can show
different values of an observation unit to another.
Variable:
Is an aspect or dimension of a phenomenon that features the ability to assume
different values, either quantitative or qualitative.
Knowledge:
is necessary the relevant Reformation, which enables to build dimensions and
indicators.
The minimum information necessary for analysis in a
research comes from the operationalization of variables, since the relationship
of the data collection instruments are constructed from dimensions and
indicators of the variable
Classification of
Variables
According to your ability or level that allow us to
measure objects. In other words, the most common and basic of a variables
feature is the differentiate between the presence and the absence of the
property which it enunciates.
Continuous
variable: occurs when the phenomenon to be
measured can take quantitatively different values. Examples: the chronological
age.
Discrete
variables: are those established categories not
quantitatively between different individuals or elements. Example: the
temperament of children in relation to learning - children of calm temperament
learn more slowly than of temperament.
Individual
variables: they present the feature or property
which characterizes certain individuals, and they can be: absolute. Relational.
Comparative. Contextual.
Collective
variables: present the characteristics or
properties that distinguish a group or collective determined and can be:
analytical. Structural. Global.
Antecedent
variable: It is which is supposed as background,
i.e., that there are variables which are a history of others. Example: to make
learning it is a minimal degree of intelligence. Therefore, the variable
intelligence is an antecedent of the variable learning.
Independent
variable: it is the variable that precedes a
dependent variable, which is presented as the cause and condition of the
dependent variable, i.e., are conditions that are manipulated by the researcher
in order to produce certain effects.
Dependent
variable: variable that occurs as a result of an
antecedent variable. That is, it's the effect of the variable which is
considered independent, which is managed by the researcher.
Variable
intervening or AC: is the variable that appears is
interposing between the independent variable and the dependent variable and at
the time of interacting variables involved significantly It is important to
analyze whether this variable appears from the independent variable, i.e.,
posterior to it and prior to the dependent variable, so that you enter to
replace the independent variable that has been formulated, or its acts as a
relative factor in the relationship of variables.
Reference
Definition of Variable. (n.d.). Retrieved August 24, 2019, from
https://www.mathsisfun.com/definitions/variable.html
What is a variable? Definition
and meaning—BusinessDictionary.com. (n.d.). Retrieved August 24, 2019, from
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/variable.html
Thursday, August 22, 2019
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
FOR LATEST NEWS
CLICK HERE FOR LATEST NEWS
-
Concept of Variables Meaning In programming, a variable is a value that can change, depending on conditions or o...
-
CLICK HERE FOR LATEST NEWS